The Imperial Order of the Rose ( pt, Imperial Ordem da Rosa) was a Brazilian order of chivalry, instituted by Emperor Pedro I of Brazil on 17 October 1829 to commemorate his marriage to

Amélie of Leuchtenberg Amélie of Leuchtenberg ( pt, Amélia Augusta Eugénia Napoleona de Leuchtenberg; french: Amélie Auguste Eugénie Napoléonne de Leuchtenberg; 31 July 1812 – 26 January 1873) was Empress of Brazil as the wife of Pedro I of Brazil. She was the g ...

. On 22 March 1890, the order was cancelled as national order by the interim government of

First Brazilian Republic The First Brazilian Republic, also referred to as the Old Republic ( pt, República Velha ), officially the Republic of the United States of Brazil, refers to the period of Brazilian history from 1889 to 1930. The Old Republic began with the de ...

. Since the deposition in 1889 of the last Brazilian monarch,

Emperor Pedro II Dom PedroII (2 December 1825 – 5 December 1891), nicknamed "the Magnanimous" ( pt, O Magnânimo), was the second and last monarch of the Empire of Brazil, reigning for over 58 years. He was born in Rio de Janeiro, the seventh child of Empe ...

, the order continues as a

house order A dynastic order, monarchical order, or house order is an order under royal patronage. Such an order is bestowed by, as a legitimate , a sovereign or the head of a once-sovereign ruling family. These are often considered part of the cultural pat ...

being awarded by the Heads of the House of Orleans-Braganza, pretenders to the defunct throne of Brazil. The current

Brazilian Imperial Family The Brazilian Imperial Family (Brazilian Portuguese: ''Família Imperial Brasileira'') is a Brazilian Dynasty of Portuguese origin that ruled the Empire of Brazil from 1822 in Brazil, 1822 to 1889 in Brazil, 1889, after the proclamation of indepe ...

is split into two branches Petrópolis and Vassouras, and as a consequence the Grand Mastership of the Order is disputed between those two branches.

History

It was designed by

Jean-Baptiste Debret Jean-Baptiste Debret (; 18 April 1768 – 28 June 1848) was a French painter, who produced many valuable lithographs depicting the people of Brazil. Debret won the second prize at the 1798 Salon des Beaux Arts. Biography Debret studied at th ...

, who, as discussed by historians, would have been inspired by the motifs of roses that adorned Amélie's dress when landing in

Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a b ...

, or when marrying, or in a portrait of the same envoy from Europe to the then

Emperor of Brazil The monarchs of Brazil (Portuguese: ''monarcas do Brasil'') were the imperial heads of state and hereditary rulers of Brazil from the House of Braganza that reigned from the creation of the Brazilian monarchy in 1815 as a constituent kingdom of ...

. The order rewarded military and civilians, national and foreign, who distinguished themselves by their fidelity to the person of the Emperor and by services rendered to the State, and carried a number of degrees superior to the other Brazilian and Portuguese orders then existing. From 1829 to 1831 Emperor Pedro I granted only 189 insignia. His son and successor,

, during the second reign, got to grace 14,284 citizens. In addition to the two emperors, only the

Duke of Caxias Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of royalty, or nobility. As rulers, dukes are ranked below emperors, kings, grand princes, grand dukes, and sovereign princes. As royalty or nobility, they are ranke ...

was order-great during his term. One of the first winners received the commendation for services rendered during an accident with the Brazilian imperial family: the small history of the court tells us that on 7 December 1829, newly married, Pedro I returned with the family of the Imperial Palace of São Cristóvão, in Quinta da Boa Vista. Like his favorite, he personally drove the carriage when, on Lavradio Street, the tow line was broken, and the horses became frightened, breaking the reins and driving the vehicle, dragged dangerously. The Emperor fractured the seventh rib of the posterior third and the sixth of the anterior third, had bruises on the forehead and dislocation in the fourth right, losing his senses. He had barely recovered them when he was picked up at the nearest house by the Marquis de Cantagalo, Joao Maria da Gama Freitas Berquó. According to the Bulletin on the Disaster of Her Imperial Majesty published in the ''

Jornal do Commercio Jornal do Commercio was a newspaper published in Rio de Janeiro. It was founded in 1827 by French journalist Pierre Plancher. It was the oldest newspaper in circulation in South America South America is a continent entirely in the Weste ...

'', Empress Amélie was the one who demanded the least care: "she did not have any sensible damage except the shock and the fright that such disaster should cause her." The Emperor's eldest daughter, the future Queen

Maria II of Portugal , image = Queen Maria II by John Simpson.jpg , caption = Portrait by John Simpson, 1835 , succession = Queen of Portugal , reign = , predecessor = Pedro IV , successor = Miguel I , reg-type = Regents , regent ...

, "received great bruising on the right cheek, comprising part of the head on the same side."

Auguste de Beauharnais Auguste Charles Eugène Napoléon de Beauharnais, Duke of Leuchtenberg (9 December 1810 – 28 March 1835) was the first prince consort of Maria II of Portugal. Besides being the 2nd Duke of Leuchtenberg and 2nd Prince of Eichstätt, he also h ...

Prince of Eichstätt A prince is a male ruler (ranked below a king, grand prince, and grand duke) or a male member of a monarch's or former monarch's family. ''Prince'' is also a title of nobility (often highest), often hereditary, in some European states. Th ...

Duke of Leuchtenberg Duke of Leuchtenberg was a title created twice by List of rulers of Bavaria, the monarchs of Bavaria for their relatives. The first creation was awarded by Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria to his son Maximilian Philipp Hieronymus, upon whose death ...

and of Santa Cruz, brother of the empress, "had a luxation in the ulna of the right side with fracture of the same one". Baroness Slorefeder, assistant of the Empress, "gave a very dangerous fall on the head." Several servants of livery, when dominating the animals, were bruised. The doctors of the Imperial Chamber and others, the doctors Azeredo, Bontempo, the Baron of Inhomirim, Vicente Navarro de Andrade, João Fernandes Tavares, Manuel Bernardes, Manuel da Silveira Rodrigues de Sá, Baron of Saúde converged for the house of Cantagalo. Almost restored, Pedro I decorated Cantagalo on 1 January 1830 with the insignia of the dignitary of the Order, and Empress Amélie offered him her portrait, surrounded by bright jewels, and painted by Simplício Rodrigues de Sá. The members of the Honor Guard who accompanied the then Prince Regent on his trip to the Province of São Paulo 8 years before, witnesses of the "''Grito do Ipiranga''", landmark of the

Independence of Brazil The Independence of Brazil comprised a series of political and military events that led to the independence of the Kingdom of Brazil from the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves as the Brazilian Empire. Most of the events occurre ...

, were also awarded the Imperial Order of the Rose. After the banishment of the

, the order was maintained by its members in private, being its grand master the head of the Brazilian Imperial House.

Characteristics

Insignia

Grand cross *Obverse: White star with six pointed tips, joined by garland of roses. To the center, a round medallion with the letters "P" and "A" interlaced, embossed, surrounded by blue-ferret border with the caption "LOVE AND FIDELITY". *Reverse: equal to the obverse, with change in inscription for the date of 2-8-1829, and, in the legend, for "PEDRO AND AMÉLIA". Tape and band *Light pink with two white edges.

Degrees

The degrees in descending order are: *Grand Cross (styled "Excellency" and limited to 16 recipients); *Grand Dignitary (styled "Senhor" and limited to 16 recipients); *Dignitary (styled "Senhor" and limited to 32 recipients); *Commander (styled "Senhor" and unlimited number of recipients); *Official (styled an honorary Colonel and unlimited number of recipients); *Knight (styled an honorary Captain and unlimited number of recipients);

Gallery

File:DpedroI-brasil-full.jpg,

Emperor Pedro I Dom Pedro I (English: Peter I; 12 October 1798 – 24 September 1834), nicknamed "the Liberator", was the founder and first ruler of the Empire of Brazil. As King Dom Pedro IV, he reigned briefly over Portugal, where he also became ...

, founder and first Grand Master of the Order, wearing the insignia of the Imperial Order of the Rose and other orders and decorations File:Amélie de Leuchtenberg - Impératrice du Brésil.png, Empress Amélie wearing the insignia of the Order File:Joaquim da Rocha Fragoso - Duque de Caxias, 1875.png,

Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of Caxias Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of Caxias (25 August 1803 – 7 May 1880), nicknamed "the Peacemaker" and "Iron Duke", was an army officer, politician and monarchist of the Empire of Brazil. Like his father and uncles, Caxias pursued a ...

wearing the insignia and collar of the Order and other orders and decorations File:Pedro Américo - D. Pedro II na abertura da Assembléia Geral (cropped).jpg,

wearing the collar of the order File:Princess Isabel, Regent of Brazil COA.png, Coat of arms of Isabel, Princess Imperial File:D. Pedro Henrique de Orleans e Bragança.jpg,

Prince Pedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza A prince is a male ruler (ranked below a king, grand prince, and grand duke) or a male member of a monarch's or former monarch's family. ''Prince'' is also a title of nobility (often highest), often hereditary, in some European states. The ...

, then Head of the

Imperial House of Brazil The Brazilian Imperial Family ( Brazilian Portuguese: ''Família Imperial Brasileira'') is a Brazilian Dynasty of Portuguese origin that ruled the Empire of Brazil from 1822 to 1889, after the proclamation of independence by Prince Pedro of Bra ...

wearing the collar of the order and other decorations File:Imperial Order of the Rose (Brazil) - Fram Museum.jpg, Details of the insignia

Recipients

Afonso, Prince Imperial of Brazil Dom Afonso (23 February 1845 – 11 June 1847) was the Prince Imperial and heir apparent to the throne of the Empire of Brazil. Born in Rio de Janeiro, he was the eldest child of Emperor Dom Pedro II and Dona Teresa Cristina of the ...

Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia ( sr, Александар Карађорђевић, Престолонаследник Југославије; born 17 July 1945 in London), is the head of the House of Karađorđević, the former royal h ...

Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich of Russia Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich of Russia (russian: Алексе́й Алекса́ндрович; in St. Petersburg – 14 November 1908 in Paris) was the fifth child and the fourth son of Alexander II of Russia and his first wife Maria Alex ...

José Ferraz de Almeida Júnior José Ferraz de Almeida Júnior (8 May 1850 – 13 November 1899), commonly known as Almeida Júnior, was a Brazilian artist and designer; one of the first there to paint in the Realistic tradition of Gustave Courbet and Jean-François Millet. ...

Prince Antônio Gastão of Orléans-Braganza Captain Prince Antônio Gastão of Orléans-Braganza MC ( pt, Antônio Gastão de Orléans e Bragança; 9 August 1881 – 29 November 1918) was a Brazilian prince who served in the forces of the British Empire during World War I. Life Antô ...

Prince August Leopold of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Prince August Leopold of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (6 December 1867 – 11 October 1922), known in Brazil as Dom Augusto Leopoldo, was a prince of the Empire of Brazil and of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry. He was the second of four son ...

José Luís Mena Barreto José Luís Mena Barreto (24 October 1817 – 10 October 1879) was an army officer, politician and monarchist of the Empire of Brazil. He came from a wealthy family with a tradition of military service. José Luís entered the army in 1836, du ...

Henry Walter Bates Henry Walter Bates (8 February 1825, in Leicester – 16 February 1892, in London) was an English naturalist and explorer who gave the first scientific account of mimicry in animals. He was most famous for his expedition to the rainforests of ...

Emil Bauch Emil Bauch (1823 in Hamburg, Germany – after 1874 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) was a German painter, lithographer and teacher who came to reside in the city of Rio de Janeiro. He painted panoramic city scenes and portraits, as well as some view ...

* John Bramley-Moore *

James Brunlees Sir James Brunlees FRSE MICE (1816 – 1892) was a Scottish civil engineer. He was President of the Institution of Civil Engineers for 1882-3. He was born in Kelso in the Scottish Borders in 1816. Early life Brunlees was the son of John Brun ...

Ernesto Burzagli Ernesto Burzagli (7 June 1873 – 13 September 1944) was a prominent figure in the Kingdom of Italy during the early 20th century. During a lifetime career in the Italian Royal Navy ('' Regia Marina Italiana''), he rose to the rank of Admiral a ...

Louis Buvelot Louis Buvelot ( Morges 3 March 1814 – Melbourne 30 May 1888), born Abram-Louis Buvelot, was a Swiss landscape painter who lived 17 years in Brazil and following 5 years back in Switzerland stayed 23 years in Australia, where he influenced the H ...

Peter Christophersen Peter "Don Pedro" Christophersen (May 28, 1845 – August 19, 1930) was a Norwegian businessman, landowner, and diplomat in Argentina. Early life and family Christophersen was born in Tønsberg, the son of the customs official Ole Christophersen ...

Jules d'Anethan Jules Joseph, Baron d'Anethan (23 April 1803 – 8 October 1888) was a Belgian Catholic Party politician. After serving as minister for Justice and Religion, D'Anethan was named the prime minister of Belgium and minister of Foreign Affairs by K ...

* Warren De la Rue *

Rudolf von Delbrück Martin Friedrich Rudolf von Delbrück (; 16 April 1817 – 1 February 1903) was a Prussian statesman at the time of Otto von Bismarck. Early life Delbrück was born at Berlin, Province of Brandenburg. He came of a distinguished family, his fathe ...

John Hay Drummond Hay Sir John Hay Drummond Hay (1 June 1816 – 27 November 1893) was the United Kingdom's Envoy Extraordinary at the Court of Morocco in the 19th century. Early life John Drummond Hay was born in 1816 in Valenciennes, France, where his father ...

Ferdinand II of Portugal ''Dom'' Ferdinand II (Portuguese: ''Fernando II'') (29 October 1816 – 15 December 1885) was a German prince of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry, and King of Portugal '' jure uxoris'' as the husband of Queen Maria II, from the birth of ...

Antônio Ferreira Viçoso Antônio José Ferreira Viçoso (13 May 1787 - 7 July 1875) was a Portuguese Roman Catholic prelate who served as the Bishop of Mariana from 1843 until his death; he was also a professed member from the Congregation of the Mission. He relocated ...

* Marcos Christino Fioravanti *

Princess Francisca of Brazil Dona Francisca (2 August 1824 – 27 March 1898) was a princess of the Empire of Brazil (as daughter of Emperor Dom Pedro I, who also reigned as King Dom Pedro IV of Portugal, and his wife Maria Leopoldina of Habsburg), who became Princess o ...

Annibale de Gasparis Annibale de Gasparis (9 November 1819, Bugnara – 21 March 1892, Naples; ) was an Italian astronomer, known for discovering asteroids and his contributions to theoretical astronomy. Biography De Gasparis was born in 1819 in Bugnara to Ang ...

Gaston, Count of Eu Prince Gaston of Orleans, Count of Eu (french: link=no, Louis Philippe Marie Ferdinand Gaston; 28 April 1842 – 28 August 1922) was a French prince and military commander who fought in the Spanish-Moroccan War and the Paraguayan War. He was ...

Friedrich Heinrich Geffcken Friedrich Heinrich Geffcken (9 December 1830 – 1 May 1896) was a German diplomat and jurist, born in Hamburg, of which city his father was senator. After studying law at Bonn, Göttingen and Berlin, he was attached to the Hanseatic legation at ...

Antônio Carlos Gomes Antônio Carlos Gomes (; July 11, 1836 in Campinas – September 16, 1896 in Belém) was the first New World composer whose work was accepted by Europe. He was the only non-European who was successful as an opera composer in Italy, during the "go ...

* Gaspare Gorresio *

John Pascoe Grenfell John Pascoe Grenfell (20 September 1800 – 20 March 1869) was a British officer of the Empire of Brazil. He spent most of his service in South America campaigns, initially under the leadership of Lord Cochrane and then Commodore Norton. He was ...

Heinrich Halfeld Heinrich Wilhelm Ferdinand Halfeld, also known in Portuguese as Henrique Guilherme Fernando Halfeld, (23 February 1797 – 22 November 1873) was a German engineer. He was born in Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Kingdom of Hanover, and studied at the ...

Joaquim José Inácio, Viscount of Inhaúma Joaquim José Inácio, Viscount of Inhaúma (; 1 August 1808 – 8 March 1869), was a naval officer, politician and monarchist of the Empire of Brazil. He was born in the Kingdom of Portugal, and his family moved to Brazil two years later. ...

Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil , house = Braganza , father = Pedro II of Brazil , mother = Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies , birth_date = , birth_place = Palace of São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil , death_date = , death_place = C ...

William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, (26 June 182417 December 1907) was a British mathematician, mathematical physicist and engineer born in Belfast. Professor of Natural Philosophy at the University of Glasgow for 53 years, he did important ...

Princess Leopoldina of Brazil Princess Leopoldina of Brazil (Leopoldina Teresa Francisca Carolina Miguela Gabriela Rafaela Gonzaga; 13 July 1847 – 7 February 1871) was the daughter of Emperor Pedro II and Empress Teresa Cristina. She shared the first name of her grandmother ...

Prince Ludwig August of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Prince Ludwig August of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Ludwig August Maria Eudes; 8 August 1845 – 14 September 1907), known in Brazil as Dom Luís Augusto, was a German prince of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry and an Admiral in the Imperia ...

Ferdinand I of Bulgaria , image = Zar Ferdinand Bulgarien.jpg , caption = Ferdinand in 1912 , reign = 5 October 1908 – , coronation = , succession = Tsar of Bulgaria , predecessor = Himself as Prince , successor = Boris III , reig ...

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* Manuel Antônio Farinha *

Princess Maria Amélia of Brazil Dom (title), Dona Maria Amélia (1 December 1831 – 4 February 1853) was a princess of the Empire of Brazil and a member of the Brazilian branch of the House of Braganza. Her parents were Emperor Dom (title), Dom Pedro I of Brazil, Pedro&n ...

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Victor Meirelles Victor Meirelles de Lima (18 August 1832 – 22 February 1903) was a Brazilian painter and teacher who is best known for his works relating to his nation's culture and history. From humble origins, his talent was soon recognized, being admitted as ...

* Cândido Mendes de Almeida *

John Miers (botanist) John Miers, FRS FLS (25 August 1789 – 17 October 1879. Kensington), knight grand cross of the Order of the Rose, was a British botanist and engineer, best known for his work on the flora of Chile and Argentina. Miers was born in London to a ...

* Ângelo Moniz da Silva Ferraz, Baron Uruguaiana * Firmino Monteiro * Carlos de Morais Camisão *

Robert Stirling Newall Robert Stirling Newall FRS FRAS (27 May 1812 – 21 April 1889) was a Scottish engineer and astronomer. Life and work Born at Dundee on 27 May 1812, Newall began work in a local mercantile office before leaving for London, where, in the emplo ...

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* Henrique O'Neill, 1st Viscount of Santa Mónica * Jorge Torlades O'Neill I *

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Pedro I of Brazil Don (honorific), Dom Pedro I (English: Peter I; 12 October 1798 – 24 September 1834), nicknamed "the Liberator", was the founder and List of monarchs of Brazil, first ruler of the Empire of Brazil. As King Dom Pedro IV, he List of ...

Pedro II of Brazil Don (honorific), Dom PedroII (2 December 1825 – 5 December 1891), nicknamed "the Magnanimity, Magnanimous" ( pt, O Magnânimo), was the List of monarchs of Brazil, second and last monarch of the Empire of Brazil, reigning for over 58 years. ...

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* Pedro Carlos of Orléans-Braganza *

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* Prince Pedro Luiz of Orléans-Braganza *

Manuel de Araújo Porto-Alegre, Baron of Santo Ângelo Manuel José de Araújo Porto-Alegre, Baron of Santo Ângelo (29 November 1806 – 30 December 1879), was a Brazilian Romantic writer, painter, architect, diplomat and professor, considered to be one of the first Brazilian editorial cartoonists e ...

James-Ferdinand de Pury Baron James-Ferdinand de Pury (1823 – 15 May 1902) was a Swiss businessman and philanthropist. He amassed a large fortune through his business in the Brazilian tobacco trade, and was knighted by Pedro II of Brazil. His villa in Neuchâtel now ho ...

* Antônio Ricardo dos Santos * Manuel Silvela y Le Vielleuze * Lafayette Rodrigues Pereira *

Pedro Luís Pereira de Sousa Pedro Luís Pereira de Sousa (December 13, 1839 – July 16, 1884) was a Brazilian poet, politician, orator and lawyer, adept of the " Condorist" movement. He is the patron of the 31st chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters. Life Pedro Luís ...

Maximilian von Speidel Maximilian "Max" Freiherr von Speidel (13 September 1856 – 24 February 1943) was a Bavarian general and State Council at the Ministry of War (Kingdom of Bavaria), Bavarian Ministry of War. Life Von Speidel was born in Munich. In the rank of a ...

* Félix Taunay, Baron of Taunay *

Charles d'Ursel Charles-Marie-Leon, Count d'Ursel (1848–1903) was a Belgian politician of the Catholic Party. Family He was a grandson of Charles-Joseph, 4th Duke d'Ursel, a brother of Hippolyte d'Ursel and Aymard d'Ursel. He married Genevieve le Roux and h ...

Louis van Houtte Louis Benoît van Houtte (29 June 1810, in Ypres – 9 May 1876, in Ghent) was a Belgian horticulturist who was with the Jardin Botanique de Brussels between 1836 and 1838 and is best known for the journal ''Flore des Serres et des Jardins de ...

Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza (Portuguese: ''Duarte Pio de Bragança'': born 15 May 1945) is the current Duke of Braganza, claimant to the title of King of Portugal of the dormant Portuguese throne, as the head of the House of Braganza. The Miguel ...

Afonso, Prince of Beira ''Dom'' Afonso de Santa Maria (born 25 March 1996) is the eldest son of Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza, head of the House of Braganza. As heir-apparent to his father, Afonso is styled as Duke of Barcelos. Early life ''Afonso de Santa Maria Miguel ...

External links

Original appointment to the Order of the Rose signed by Emperor Dom Pedro II, 1887
- Arquivo Público do Estado de São Paulo

References

* Poliano, Luís Marques. ''Heráldica''. Ed. GRD. Rio de Janeiro, 1986. * Poliano, Luís Marques. ''Ordens honoríficas do Brasil''. * Brazil - The Imperial Order of the Ros

{{Empire of Brazil Rose, Order of the Awards established in 1829